Which policy tool is typically used to stimulate investment by lowering borrowing costs?

• A. Raising taxes
• B. Increasing government spending
• C. Raising reserve requirements
• D. Lowering central bank interest rates

Answer: (D)

Lowering the central bank's policy rate reduces the cost of credit across the economy. When rates are cut, banks can borrow more cheaply and often pass those lower costs to businesses and households, making loans for investment cheaper. With cheaper financing, firms are more likely to undertake capital projects and expand, stimulating investment.

Raising taxes would reduce disposable income and can dampen investment; increasing government spending is fiscal stimulus but doesn’t directly lower borrowing costs; raising reserve requirements tightens the money supply and typically raises borrowing costs by constraining lending. So, lowering central bank interest rates is the tool that directly lowers borrowing costs to spur investment.